where are your gloves and your helmet?

That is what VATS is for. Unless they change the combat system that's existed since the first game, you have the option of either real-time shootin'/stabbin'/punchin'/grenadin', or entering VATS mode, where your dexterity score gives you action points to attack with and your perception score and skill with your current weapon gives you a specific percentage chance of hitting one or more body parts. It gives you a moment to stop and think, and it puts the aiming burden on the character and the weapon rather than on the player.